时光幻象 Time-Illusion

新巴比伦帝国的词条到这篇就结束了

下一个按道理应该翻译的是古巴比伦城，可是我好想搞乌鲁克啊

【因为好喜欢闪闪】

【被pia飞】

3.Fall Of Babylon

3.巴比伦的陨落

In 549 BC Cyrus the Great, the Achaemenid king of Persia, revolted against his suzerain Astyages, king of Media, at Ecbatana. Astyages' army betrayed him to his enemy, and Cyrus established himself as ruler of all the Iranic peoples, as well as the pre-Iranian Elamites and Gutians.

在公元前549年，居鲁士大帝，波斯的阿契美尼德王朝【见注1】国王，在埃克巴坦那【见注2】起兵反抗他的宗主米底国王阿斯提阿格斯【见注3】。阿斯提阿格斯的军队背叛了他，居鲁士确立了自己作为所有伊朗人民的统治者的身份，包括伊朗的原住民埃兰人【见注4】和库提人【见注5】。

【注1】阿契美尼德王朝：持续时间为前550—前330年，又被称为波斯第一帝国。是古波斯地区第一个把版图扩张到中亚及西亚大部分地区的君主制帝国，也是第一个版图横跨欧亚非三洲的帝国。

【注2】埃克巴坦那：今称哈马丹，位于伊朗境内。

【注3】阿斯提阿格斯：基亚克萨雷斯之子，米底王国的最后一任君主。在位时间为前585—前550年。

【注4】埃兰人：是从前2000前起居住在伊朗南部的原住民，于前650年被亚述征服

【注5】库提人：又译古提人，伊朗西南部扎格罗斯山脉的原住民。曾于前2150年左右征服了美索不达米亚地区，灭亡阿卡德帝国，建立了古提王朝，不久之后被逐出两河流域，从此实力大减。

In 539 BC, Cyrus invaded Babylonia. Nabonidus sent his son Belshazzar to head off the huge Persian army; however, already massively outnumbered, Belshazzar was betrayed by Gobryas, Governor of Assyria, who switched his forces over to the Persian side. The Babylonian forces were overwhelmed at the battle of Opis. Nabonidus fled to Borsippa, and on 12 October, after Cyrus' engineers had diverted the waters of the Euphrates, "the soldiers of Cyrus entered Babylon without fighting."

公元前539年，居鲁士入侵巴比伦。那波尼德派他的儿子伯沙撒应对强大的波斯军队；然而已经是寡不敌众，亚述总督戈比亚斯背叛了伯沙撒，他带领着自己的军队投奔波斯。巴比伦军在俄庇斯【注1】战役中大败。那波尼德逃到了博尔西帕【注2】，10月12日，在居鲁士的工程师们使幼发拉底河改道后，“居鲁士的士兵没有遭到任何抵抗就进入了巴比伦。”

【注1】俄庇斯：今名泰西封，位于今伊拉克巴格达东南

【注2】博尔西帕：始建于苏美尔时期的重要古城，巴比伦时期仍被尊为“圣城”，遗迹位于今伊拉克巴比伦省境内

Belshazzar in Xenophon is reported to have been killed, but his account is not held to be reliable here. Nabonidus surrendered and was deported. Gutian guards were placed at the gates of the great temple of Bel, where the services continued without interruption. Cyrus arrived in Babylon on 3 October, Gobryas having acted for him in his absence. Gobryas was then made governor of the province of Babylon.

色诺芬报告称伯沙萨已经被杀，但他此处的报告被认为并不可靠。那波尼德投降并被驱逐。古提卫兵被安排在Bel神庙【见注】的大门，那里的祭祀活动并没有中断。居鲁士于10月3日抵达巴比伦，在他到来之前由戈比亚斯代替他出面。戈比亚斯随即被任命为巴比伦行省总督。

【注】：此处指巴比伦城中的马尔杜克大神庙，“Bel”在阿卡德语等古代语言中意为“领主”，“主宰”，后成为最高天神马尔杜克的专称。

Cyrus claimed to be the legitimate successor of the ancient Babylonian kings and the avenger of Bel-Marduk, who was assumed to be wrathful at the impiety of Nabonidus in removing the images of the local gods from their ancestral shrines, to his capital Babylon. Nabonidus, in fact, had excited a strong feeling against himself by attempting to centralize the religion of Babylonia in the temple of Marduk at Babylon, and while he had thus alienated the local priesthoods, the military party despised him on account of his antiquarian tastes.

居鲁士自称是古巴比伦国王的合法继承人，主宰神马尔杜克的复仇者，他假装因为那波尼德在首都巴比伦的传统圣地撤去本土神祇这一不敬行为而愤怒。而事实上，那波尼德内心的愿望十分强烈，他试图将巴比伦地区的宗教全部集中到在巴比伦城中的马尔杜克神庙，他因此疏远了当地僧侣，军官阶层也十分鄙视他保守的风格。

He seems to have left the defense of his kingdom to others, occupying himself with the more congenial work of excavating the foundation records of the temples and determining the dates of their builders.

他似乎已经把自己王国的防卫任务交给了其他人，而自己从事着他更为中意的工作：挖掘庙宇的基础记录【见注】，以确定它们的始建日期。

【注】庙宇的基础记录：古代西亚的神庙，宫殿等大型建筑，在修建前一般会在地基中埋下奠基石【一般是大石板，也有大型陶板】，上面有大量铭文，记述了修建者的名字，修建时间，建筑作用等重要信息，有时还有对神的祷词。

The invasion of Babylonia by Cyrus was doubtless facilitated by the existence of a disaffected party in the state, as well and the presence of foreign exiles like the Jews. Accordingly, one of Cyrus' first acts was to allow these exiles to return to their homelands, carrying with them the images of their gods and their sacred vessels. The permission to do so was embodied in a proclamation, whereby the conqueror endeavored to justify his claim to the Babylonian throne. 

居鲁士入侵巴比伦无疑为国家内部的心怀不满者提供了便利，与之类似的还有诸如犹太人之类的国外流亡者。因此，居鲁士首先的行动是允许这些流亡者带着他们神的画像和诸多圣物一起重返家园。这个许可在具体的公告中得到了实现，征服者试图证明他占有巴比伦王位的正当性。

The feeling was still strong that none had a right to rule over western Asia until he had been consecrated to the office by Bel and his priests; and accordingly, Cyrus henceforth assumed the imperial title of "King of Babylon."

Babylon, like Assyria, became a colony of Achaemenid Persia.

西亚权力的真空感仍然十分强烈，直到他被马尔杜克的祭司们奉为神圣；从此，居鲁士继承了“巴比伦之王”的头衔。

巴比伦与亚述地区一样，成为了波斯帝国的殖民地。

补上之前被我无视了的序言部分【我错了x】

The Neo-Babylonian Empire, also known as the Chaldean Empire, was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria. A year after the death of the last strong Assyrian ruler, Assurbanipal, in 627 BC, the Assyrian empire spiralled into a series of brutal civil wars. 

新巴比伦帝国，又称迦勒底帝国，是一段美索不达米亚的历史时期，始于公元前626年，于公元前539年结束。在过去的三个世纪，巴比伦人被自己的同胞阿卡德人和北部的邻国亚述统治。在最后一个强大的亚述统治者亚述巴尼拔去世一年后，即公元前627年，亚述帝国陷入到了一系列残酷的内战中。

Babylonia rebelled under Nabopolassar, a member of the Chaldean tribe which had migrated from the Levant to south eastern Babylonia in the early 9th century BC. In alliance with the Medes, Persians, Scythians and Cimmerians, they sacked the city of Nineveh in 612 BC, and the seat of empire was transferred to Babylonia for the first time since the death of Hammurabi in the mid 18th century BC. 

在那波帕拉萨尔的领导下，巴比伦起义了，那波帕拉萨尔来自一个迦勒底部落，他们于公元前9世纪早期从地中海地区迁移到了巴比伦地区的东南部。在与米底人、波斯人，斯基泰人和辛梅里安人结盟后，他们于公元前612年攻陷了尼尼微城；巴比伦的帝位自前18世纪中期汉谟拉比驾崩后，终于再次回到了巴比伦人手中。

This period witnessed a general improvement in economic life and agricultural production, and a great flourishing of architectural projects, the arts and science.

The Neo-Babylonian period ended with the reign of Nabonidus in 539 BC. To the east, the Persians had been growing in strength, and eventually Cyrus the Great conquered the empire.

这一时期，经济生活和农业生产有了巨大飞跃，建筑工程、艺术和科学蓬勃发展。

新巴比伦时期结束于公元前539年的那波尼德统治时期。在帝国的东方，波斯人的力量逐渐增强，最终居鲁士大帝征服了这个帝国。