时光幻象 Time-Illusion

终于把第3部分放上来啦，这次是新巴比伦世系王表的剩余部分

今天只有一更的原因就是我懒【遁走x】

这次的内容相较于第2部分似乎简单一些x

 

2-2.Nebuchadnezzar II 605 BC – 562 BC

2-2.尼布甲尼撒二世 前605年-前562年

Nebuchadnezzar II became king after the death of his father.

Nebuchadnezzar was a patron of the cities and a spectacular builder. He rebuilt all of Babylonia's major cities on a lavish scale. His building activity at Babylon was what turned it into the immense and beautiful city of legend. His city of Babylon covered more than three square miles, surrounded by moats and ringed by a double circuit of walls. 

尼布甲尼撒二世在他的父亲去世之后成为了国王

尼布甲尼撒二世是城市的守护者，也是一位杰出的建筑家。他大规模地重建了巴比伦尼亚地区的所有主要城市。他在巴比伦的建筑行动让它成为了一座巨大而美丽的传奇之城。他统治下的巴比伦市区覆盖范围超过三平方英里，被护城河和双重的城墙环绕。

The Euphrates flowed through the center of the city, spanned by a beautiful stone bridge. At the center of the city rose the giant ziggurat called Etemenanki, "House of the Frontier Between Heaven and Earth," which lay next to the Temple of Marduk.

幼发拉底河穿过城市中心，一座美丽的石桥横跨其上。在城市中心高耸着一座名为Etemenanki的巨大庙塔【见注1】，被称为“沟通天地之塔”，它紧靠着马尔杜克【见注2】神庙。

 

【注1】庙塔：古代西亚神庙建筑群的重要组成部分，是逐渐向上缩小的阶梯状四棱台型建筑，由土坯砖垒砌而成。巴比伦城中的“Etemenanki”根据历史文献上的数据，复原底部边长为90米，高达91米，被认为是圣经传说中“通天塔”的原型。

【注2】马尔杜克：古代西亚传说中的天神，亦为巴比伦城的守护之神。

 

Nebuchadnezzar II conducted successful military campaigns in Syria and Phoenicia, forcing tribute from Damascus, Tyre and Sidon. He conducted numerous campaigns in Asia Minor, in the "land of the Hatti". Like the Assyrians, the Babylonians had to campaign yearly in order to control their colonies.

尼布甲尼撒二世在叙利亚和腓尼基进行了许多成功的军事行动，迫使大马士革【见注1】、提尔【见注2】和西顿【见注3】臣服。他在小亚细亚发动了多次战役，即“赫梯之地”【见注4】。像亚述人一样，巴比伦人为了控制他们的殖民地不得不年年发动战争。

 

【注1】大马士革：现仍名此，为叙利亚首都。

【注2】提尔：古代腓尼基的著名港口城市，现属黎巴嫩。

【注3】西顿：又名赛伊达，黎巴嫩西南部港口城市。

【注4】“赫梯之地”：赫梯帝国约在前19-前11世纪兴盛于今土耳其中南部的安纳托利亚高原地区，所谓“小亚细亚”大致指代安纳托利亚半岛，今土耳其的亚洲部分。

 

In 601 BC, Nebuchadnezzar II was involved in a major, but inconclusive, battle against the Egyptians. In 599 BC, he invaded Arabia and routed the Arabs at Qedar. In 597 BC, he invaded Judah and captured Jerusalem and deposed its king Jehoiachin. Egyptian and Babylonian armies fought each other for control of the near east throughout much of Nebuchadnezzar's reign, and this encouraged king Zedekiah of Judah to revolt. 

公元前601年，尼布甲尼撒二世参与了一场重大的与埃及的战斗，但以两败俱伤而告终。公元前599年，他入侵阿拉伯地区，在Qedar*击败了阿拉伯人。公元前597年，他进攻犹大王国，占领耶路撒冷，废黜了国王约雅斤【见注1】。埃及和巴比伦军队在尼布甲尼撒二世统治的大部分时间里互相争夺着近东的控制权，这促使犹大王国的西底家【见注2】国王反抗。

 

【注1】约雅斤：犹大王国的国王，前598年即位，在位时间仅仅三个月又十天后，尼布甲尼撒二世攻占了耶路撒冷，将他和王室、工匠掳到巴比伦，另立他的叔叔西底家为王

【注2】西底家：犹大王国末代国王，本名玛探雅。尼布甲尼撒二世将其改名为西底家，意为“耶和华是我的义”，借以安抚犹大民族。根据《圣经》所载：西底家在耶利哥附近被擒，并被带到北方的利比拉，被带到尼布甲尼撒王面前。他在那里因毁弃效忠的诺言而受到审判。他众子在他眼前被杀以作为惩罚，他最后所见的，就是此情景；他的眼睛随后被剜出。尼布甲尼撒把他用铜链锁着带到巴比伦，他最终在那里死于狱中。

*处地点未找到准确出处，存疑

 

After an 18-month siege, Jerusalem was captured in 587 BC, and thousands of Jews were deported to Babylon, and Solomon's Temple was razed to the ground.

By 572 Nebuchadnezzar was in full control of Babylonia, Assyria, Phoenicia, Israel, Philistinia, northern Arabia, and parts of Asia Minor. Nebuchadnezzar fought the Pharaohs Psammetichus II and Apries throughout his reign, and in 568 BC during the reign of Pharaoh Amasis, invaded Egypt itself.

经过18个月的围攻，耶路撒冷于公元前587年被占领，成千上万的犹太人被驱逐到巴比伦，所罗门所建的圣殿被夷为平地。

前572年尼布甲尼撒王把巴比伦，亚述，腓尼基，以色列，Philistinia*，阿拉伯北部和小亚细亚的部分地区完全控制。尼布甲尼撒二世在他的统治时期内打败了法老萨姆提克二世【见注1】和阿普里伊【见注2】，并在公元前568年法老阿玛西斯【见注3】统治时期入侵埃及。

 

【注1】萨姆提克二世：尼科二世之子，前595-前589年在位（大部分资料均称其在位时间为前610-前595年，但此应为其父尼科二世在位时间）

【注2】阿普里伊：古埃及第二十六王朝的第四位法老，于前589-前570年在位

【注3】阿玛西斯：又名雅赫摩斯二世，亦为古埃及第二十六王朝的一位法老，在位时间为前569—前525年，希腊人称之为阿摩西斯二世

*处单词未查询到，怀疑原文有误

 

2-3.Amel-Marduk 562 BC – 560 BC

2-3.安努-马尔杜克【见注】 前562年-前560年

Amel-Marduk was the son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar II. He reigned only two years (562 – 560 BC). According to the Biblical Book of Kings, he pardoned and released Jehoiachin, king of Judah, who had been a prisoner in Babylon for thirty-seven years. Allegedly, because Amel-Marduk tried to modify his father's policies, he was murdered by Neriglissar, his brother-in-law.

安努-马尔杜克是尼布甲尼撒二世的儿子和继承者。他的在位时间只有两年（前562年-前560年）。根据《圣经》中《列王纪》所载，他赦免并释放了犹大国王约雅斤，后者曾在巴比伦被囚禁了三十七年。据称，因为安努-马尔杜克试图改变他父亲的政策，因而被他的姐夫涅里格利沙尔暗杀。

 

【注】：此人也有资料译作“以未米罗达”，在此注明

 

2-4.Neriglissar 560 BC – 556 BC

2-4.涅里格利沙尔 前560年-前556年

Neriglissar appears to have been a more stable ruler, conducting a number of public works, restoring temples etc.

He conducted successful military campaigns against Cilicia, which had threatened Babylonian interests. Neriglissar however reigned for only four years, being succeeded by the youthful Labashi-Marduk. It is unclear if Neriglissar was himself a member of the Chaldean tribe, or a native of the city of Babylon.

涅里格利沙尔似乎是一个更稳重的统治者，进行了多项公共工程，比如重修神庙等。

他对奇里乞亚【见注】进行了成功的军事打击，因为它曾威胁到巴比伦的利益。然而涅里格利沙尔在位只有四年，继承者是幼主拉巴施-马尔杜克。涅里格利沙尔的族籍至今不明，可能是迦勒底部落的一员，也可能是一个土生土长的巴比伦人。

 

【注】奇里乞亚：又译基里家，位于今土耳其南部海滨地区

 

2-5.Labashi-Marduk 556 BC

2-5.拉巴施-马尔杜克 前556年

Labashi-Marduk was a king of Babylon (556 BC), and son of Neriglissar. Labashi-Marduk succeeded his father when still only a boy, after the latter's four-year reign. He was murdered in a conspiracy only nine months after his inauguration. Nabonidus was consequently chosen as the new king.

拉巴施-马尔杜克是巴比伦的国王之一，前556年在位，是涅里格利沙尔的儿子。在他的父亲统治四年之后，拉巴施-马尔杜克登基，此时他还只是一个男孩。然而他即位之后仅仅9个月即被谋杀。那波尼德被选为新的国王。

 

2-6.Nabonidus 556 BC – 539 BC

2-6.那波尼德 前556年-前539年

Nabonidus's (Nabû-na'id in Babylonian) noble credentials are not clear, although he was not a Chaldean but from Assyria, in the city of Harran. He says himself in his inscriptions that he is of unimportant origins.Similarly, his mother, Adda-Guppi, who lived to high age and may have been connected to the temple of the Akkadian moon god Sîn in Harran; in her inscriptions does not mention her descent. His father was Nabû-balatsu-iqbi, a commoner.

那波尼德 (巴比伦语作Nabû-na'id)并没有明确的贵族血统，他不是迦勒底人，而是来自亚述地区的哈兰。他在自我介绍中评价自己出身低微。与之类似，他的母亲，名为Adda Guppi，十分高寿，可能与哈兰祭祀阿卡德月神Sin的神庙有关；她的介绍中并没有提到她的血统。他的父亲名叫NABû- balatsu iqbi，仅是一介平民。

For long periods he entrusted rule to his son, Prince Belshazzar. He was a capable soldier but poor politician. All of this left him somewhat unpopular with many of his subjects, particularly the priesthood and the military class.

The Marduk priesthood hated Nabonidus because of his suppression of Marduk's cult and his elevation of the cult of the moon-god Sin. Cyrus portrayed himself as the savior, chosen by Marduk to restore order and justice. 

很长一段时间让自己的儿子伯沙撒王子来统治。他是个能干的士兵，但却是个糟糕的政治家。这导致他在许多方面都不受欢迎，尤其是神职人员和军队。

马尔杜克祭司憎恨那波尼德斯因为他压制对马尔杜克的崇拜，更加崇拜月神Sin。居鲁士【见注】于是把自己描绘成救世主，被马尔杜克选中来恢复秩序与正义。

 

【注】居鲁士：此处指居鲁士二世（即居鲁士大帝），波斯帝国的缔造者，约前600年或前576年－前530年在位

 

To the east, the Persians had been growing in strength, and Cyrus the Great was very popular in Babylon itself. A sense of Nabonidus' religiously-based negative image survives in Jewish literature, such as the works of Josephus,and the Jews initially greeted the Persians as liberators.

在东方，波斯人的力量逐渐增强，居鲁士大帝在巴比伦帝国内部广受爱戴。一种那波尼德基于宗教的负面形象出现在犹太文学，如约瑟夫斯【见注】的作品中，最初的犹太人把波斯人描述为解放者。

 

【注】约瑟夫斯：约37--100 ,犹太历史学家和军人，著有《犹太战争史》和《犹太古事记》等作品